A History as Old as Beer Itself
From the first fermented grains of ancient civilizations to the craft beer revolution of today, women have played a vital role in brewing. For thousands of years, they were the primary brewers across cultures and continents. Yet, as beer production industrialized, their presence faded—only to resurge in recent decades. Let’s take a look at the deep, fascinating history of women in brewing, from goddesses and homebrews to industry pioneers.
Ancient Origins: Goddesses and Beer
The story of beer is deeply intertwined with female deities and mythology. In Sumeria, brewing was a sacred craft watched over by Ninkasi, a goddess so revered that an ancient hymn dedicated to her doubled as a beer recipe. The Babylonians, who spread brewing across Africa, employed women as baker-brewers, often in charge of commercial beer distribution.
In ancient Egypt, brewing was considered women’s work and was closely linked to the goddesses Hathor and Tenenet. Hathor is often associated with music, fertility, and joy, believed to have invented brewing. Tenenet, whose name derives from the Egyptian word for beer, was the divine overseer of successful brewing. Egyptian tombs and hieroglyphs depict women grinding grains, fermenting mash, and enjoying beer as a staple of daily life.
Beer was more than just a beverage—it was a source of nutrition, a form of currency, and even medicine. Medical texts contained over 100 beer-based remedies, and the drink was prescribed to “gladden the heart” or confuse evil spirits believed to cause disease.
The Shift: From Brewer to Barmaid
For centuries, brewing remained a household task, with women at the helm. But as brewing became a commercial industry, especially during the 18th and 19th centuries, women were largely pushed to the margins. They found roles as barmaids, pub owners, and bottlers rather than as brewers. In less industrialized areas, however, women continued to craft traditional homebrews and regional alcoholic beverages.
By the mid-20th century, women began re-entering the brewing world in scientific roles, working as chemists and researchers in breweries. The 1960s and 1970s saw the beginning of their return as professional brewers, setting the stage for today’s craft beer movement, where female brewers are reclaiming their historical place in the industry.
Women & Brewing Today
The past few decades have seen an exciting resurgence of women in brewing. From award-winning craft brewers to influential industry leaders, women are once again shaping the world of beer. Organizations like the Pink Boots Society support and mentor female brewers, ensuring that the legacy of Ninkasi, Hathor, and Tenenet continues.
So next time you raise a glass, remember that beer’s history is as rich and complex as its flavors—and women have been at its heart from the very beginning. Cheers to that! 🍻